Brick-kiln



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. W. PENPIELD.

BRICK KILN.

WITN SSES INVENTOR r Wfiomms (No Model.) 3 Sheets3heet 2.

J. W. PENFIELD.

BRICK KILN. No. 289,024. Patented Nov. 27, 1883.

" in j.

gjzgfsm INVENTOR f v zf fiomns (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 J. W. PENPIELD.

BRIUK KILN.

No. 289,024. Patented Nov. 27, 1883.

I W NVBNTOR e V A ikflv ATTORNEYS u vans PMWLMMM, wllhmlm:v

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMIIH \V. IENFII'ILU, ()F \VlLIiUl tilIliY, ()HIU.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,024, dated November 27, 183.

Application filed August H, IP91.

To (LH whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, turns \V. IrlNFlldLl), ol' \Villoughbv, in the county of Lake and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Ilh'ickKilns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in brick-kilns; and it consists in certain features of construction and in combination of parts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

The object of my invention is to provide a hrick-kiln in which the heat shall be well utilized and so subject to direction and con trol that the bricks may be evenly and properly burned in all parts of the kiln.

It is well known to those skilled in the art of brick-making that with kilns heretofore in use it was difficult to prevent the bricks that were over and near the fire from being burned too much, while near the exit of the heat from the kiln the bricks would usually be only partially burned. In view of these facts I have invented the kiln hereinafter described, in which the aforesaid desired results may be obtained.

I11 the drawings, Figure 1 is a. front elevation of a portion of my improved kiln. Fig. :2 is a vertical cross-section. Fig. .l is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the kiln. Fig. 5 is a transverse section above the floor.

The kiln is provided, in the usual manner, with an outer wall, A, inclosing the structure, and in this wall, both in front and in the rear, are built the chimneys that discharge from the kiln. and hereinafter described.

B represents the furnaces or fire-boxes, separatcd by the grate-bars Z from the ash-pits 0. Between the ash-pits, and joining the outer wall in front and in the rear, are the hollow walls or benches 1), inclosing, respectively, the lines I), that are connected with a contiguous ash-pit by the openings (1, and that discharge into the chimneys d in the front wall. These fines I) are arched or covered, so that as the walls I) approach the height (No modi l.)

of the grate-bars they are solid. A hove the level of the grates these walls are not continuous or solid, but are made each of a number of narrow piers, a, running crosswise of the respective walls, with openings! between the piers, through which the heat may pass laterally from the fire-boxes, and. without obstruction. These fireboxes are arched, shown, the arches resting upon the said piers a; but the arches themselves are built solid. This construction is for the purpose of distributing the heat evenly, the solid arches above the fire-boxes confining the heat somewhat in that direction and forcing it laterally through the open spaces just described. These piers a are carried to the top of the arches and beveled off, and a floor of brick or tile is laid, resting on the piers and spanning the spaces between the piers. These floor bricks or tiles are laid close together over the arches, but are separated over the benches I), preferably from an inch to one and one-half inch, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, where R represents the lower floor and L the top floor. The piers n are carried a short distance-sa v from four to eight inchcsabove the lower floor, K, and a second or top floor, L, is laid in the same manner as the floor just described, and it is on this top floor that the brick, tiles, or other articles to be burned are placed. Inside of the front walls, and directly over and in open relation with the respective fire-boxes, are the vertical bag-fines G, and terminating just under the arch or roof of the kiln, as shown in Fig. 8.

II are chimneys constructed in the back wall and opening into the body of the kiln a short distance above the floor.

I are small fines or openings through the top arch or roof of the kiln. The chimneys H and d and the openings I are all operated by dampers, that usually consist of a tile laid on the chimney or flue, wholly or partially closing the orifice, or removed altogether, as may he desired. Just back from under the fine G, and shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, are slight projections c in the side walls, to support large tiles that may be set crosswise of the fire-box and. ash-pit, and severing the connection between the front and back parts thereof.

The operation of the device is as follows: The bricks are set in the kiln in the usual manner, and fire is made in the fire-boxes, and nsir ally the entire length of the grate, and the chimneys d are closed on top. The heat passes partly through the tloor, as already described, and partly through the line 1. If the heat were all allowed to pass through the iloor and to escape at the top of the kiln, the lower portion of the bricks would be burned too much and the top portion would not be burned enough. It the heat should all pass through the lines (1 and escape through the chimneys H, the top part of the kiln would be burned, and not the bottom. By combining these two processes and allowing a part of the heat to escape in each of the two ways mentioned, the kiln may be quite evenly burned, except at the back side and near the opening into the chimneys ll. in order to complete the work perfectly, the tire is all drawn forward of the projections r', the uncovered grates are raked clean, the tiles placed at 0, closing the back part of the fire-box and aslrpit, as aforesaid. Next the openings I and the chimneys II are closed, and the chimneys (1 are opened. The

tire is now all in the front part of the the boxes, and the heat has no escape except through the tines G. After leaving the lines (,r, the heat is deflected by the arched root, and somewhat by the draft, and passes down mostly on the back side of the kiln and past the openings into the chimneys ll, where the bricks are least burned. The heat passes on down through the floors and through the exposed part of the grate-bars into the back part of the aslrpit, from thence through the open iug (1 into the line 1), and out of the chimney ll. The direction of the hot air may be somewhat changed by means of the openings d. 1' f, l'or instance, the two front openings (1 were closed, so that the heat would be confined to the back opening, (I, the heat would keep close to the back wall. if the back openings, (1, were closed and the front ones remained open, the heat would be drawn more or less away from the back wall and through the lower and central parts of the kiln. The product of combustion passing through the floor and up through thekiln is known as the npd raft, and the said product passing through flue (I to the root and down through the kiln to the mouth of the flue 11 is called a downdraft? It will be seen that with the arrangement of parts both ofthese drafts maybe in operation at the same time and from the same set of tireboxes or furnaces, the one or the other kind predominating according to the arrangement of dampers and the requirements of the case. For instance, first, the flue G may be closed entirely and the heat all be made to pass through the floors; second, the fires may be light at the back end and heavy in front, so that the most of the heat will pass throughthe flue t and but. little through the lloors; third, by drawing the tire forward and closing the the box and ash-pit, as ai'oresaid,the heat maybe made to pass through the flue (t and the ehinr ney II; or the said chimney may be closed and the heat passed down through the floor and out at the chimney d. Also, by means of the dampers aforesaid, a part of the heat may escape through the chimney ll and a partthrough the chimney d. The two floors, or, rather, the spaces between them, tend to equalize the heat, so that when one tire is hotter than another the heat will be evenly distributed through the kiln.

The term brick-kiln isnsedin this specification. in its general sense, and 1 do not limit myself to a kiln for brick alone, as it is equally well adapted to burn tiles and all products of clay.

hat I claim is 1. Ina brick-kiln, the combination of two floors, with air-spaces between and running crosswise and above the tire-boxes, and adapt ed to aid in distributing the heat evenly through the kiln, sullstantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a brickkiln, the combination of two floors. with airspaecs between, substantially as described, and adapted to distribute the heat by means of the unequal spaces between the floor-bricks, as set forth.

3. In a brick-kiln, the eoi'nbination, with the two floors, of the piers a, constructed and ar ranged to form intervening spaces, I, substantially as set forth.

4. The combim'ition, with the ash-pits t, of the benches 1), extending longitudinally the length of the kiln, lines 1), located within the benches and communicating at one end with the chimneys d, and lateral branch fluesd,connecting the flues D and ash-pits substantially as set forth.

In testimonywhereol'l sign this speeiiicatitm. in the presence of two witnesses, this 4th day of August, 1883.

JAMES W. 'PICNFIELD.

\Vitncsses:

ALnmrr 1G. 'Iivmn, t llAts. ll'. llt'lRER. 

